A cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen wafer, akwai mahimman hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda biyu: ɗaya shine shirye-shiryen substrate, ɗayan kuma shine aiwatar da tsarin epitaxial. Substrate, wafer da aka ƙera a hankali daga kayan kristal guda ɗaya, ana iya saka shi kai tsaye cikin masana'antar wafer ...
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