Carbon yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani a yanayi, wanda ya ƙunshi kaddarorin kusan dukkanin abubuwan da ake samu a duniya.Yana nuna nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, irin su bambance-bambancen tauri da laushi, haɓaka-semiconductor-superconductor hali, zafin zafi-superconductivity, da haske-cikakken bayyananne.Daga cikin waɗannan, kayan da sp2 hybridization sune manyan membobin dangin kayan aikin carbon, gami da graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, da carbon amorphous glassy carbon.
Samfurin Carbon Graphite da Glassy
Duk da yake abubuwan da suka gabata sun shahara, bari mu mai da hankali kan carbon gilashi a yau.Gilashin carbon, wanda kuma aka sani da carbon carbon ko vitreous carbon, yana haɗa kaddarorin gilashin da yumbu a cikin abin da ba na hoto ba.Ba kamar graphite crystalline ba, abu ne mai amorphous carbon wanda yake kusan 100% sp2-hybridized.Gilashin carbon yana haɗewa ta hanyar zazzaɓi mai zafi na mahaɗan mahalli na farko, kamar resins phenolic ko furfuryl barasa, ƙarƙashin yanayin iskar gas mara ƙarfi.Siffar ta baƙar fata da santsi mai kama da gilashin ya sa ake masa suna "carbon gilashi."
Tun lokacin da masana kimiyya suka kirkiro shi na farko a cikin 1962, an yi nazari sosai kan tsari da kaddarorin carbon carbon kuma ya kasance batu mai zafi a fagen kayan carbon.Gilashin carbon za a iya rarraba zuwa nau'i biyu: Nau'in I da Nau'in Carbon gilashin II.Nau'in I na gilashin carbon an cire shi daga ma'auni na kwayoyin halitta a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 2000 ° C kuma ya ƙunshi ɓangarorin graphene mai karkata bazuwar bazuwar.Rubuta II na Carbon, a gefe guda, ana yin zunubi a yanayin zafi mafi girma (~ 2500 ° C) da kuma samar da matrix mai yawa da yawa game da tsarin sihiri (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi a ƙasa).
Matsayin Tsarin Gilashin Carbon (Hagu) da Hoton Maƙalli Mai Girma na Electron (Dama)
Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya gano cewa nau'in carbon gilashin nau'in II yana nuna matsawa mafi girma fiye da Nau'in I, wanda aka danganta shi da tsarin sifofi mai kama da nau'in cikar da ya tattara kansa.Duk da ɗan bambance-bambancen geometric, duka nau'in I da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in carbon na gilashin biyu sun ƙunshi ainihin graphene mai murɗawa.
Aikace-aikace na Glassy Carbon
Gilashin carbon yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da yawa, gami da ƙarancin ƙima, babban tauri, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, babban rashin ƙarfi ga gas da ruwaye, babban yanayin zafi da kwanciyar hankali, wanda ya sa ya zama mai amfani sosai a masana'antu kamar masana'antu, sunadarai, da lantarki.
01 Aikace-aikace Masu Zazzabi
Gilashin carbon yana nuna juriya mai girma a cikin iskar gas mara amfani ko mara amfani, yana jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 3000°C.Ba kamar sauran yumbu da ƙarfe kayan zafi mai zafi ba, ƙarfin gilashin carbon yana ƙaruwa da zafin jiki kuma yana iya kaiwa har zuwa 2700K ba tare da ya zama mai gasa ba.Hakanan yana da ƙarancin taro, ƙarancin ɗaukar zafi, da ƙarancin haɓakar thermal, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen zafi daban-daban, gami da bututun kariya na thermocouple, tsarin ɗaukar nauyi, da abubuwan tanderu.
02 Chemical Application
Saboda tsananin juriya na lalata, carbon gilashin yana samun amfani mai yawa a cikin binciken sinadarai.Kayan aikin da aka yi daga carbon ɗin gilashi yana ba da fa'ida akan na'urorin dakin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun waɗanda aka yi daga platinum, zinare, sauran karafa masu jure lalata, yumbu na musamman, ko fluoroplastics.Wadannan abũbuwan amfãni sun haɗa da juriya ga duk ma'aikatan da ke lalata rigar, babu wani tasiri na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (adsorption mara sarrafawa da lalata abubuwa), babu gurɓataccen samfurori da aka bincikar, juriya ga acid da alkaline narke, da kuma gilashin gilashi maras kyau.
03 Fasahar hakori
Gilashin carbon crucibles ana amfani da su a cikin fasahar hakori don narkar da karafa masu daraja da gami da titanium.Suna ba da fa'idodi kamar haɓakar haɓakar thermal mai tsayi, tsawon rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da ginshiƙan graphite, babu mannewa narkakken karafa masu daraja, juriya na zafin zafi, dacewa ga duk karafa masu daraja da gami da titanium, amfani a cikin simintin simintin gyare-gyare, ƙirƙirar yanayin tsaro akan narkakken karafa, da kuma kawar da buƙatar juzu'i.
Yin amfani da gilashin gilashin carbon crucibles yana rage dumama da lokacin narkewa kuma yana ba da damar dumama naúrar narke don yin aiki a ƙananan yanayin zafi fiye da kwantena yumbu na gargajiya, wanda hakan yana rage lokacin da ake buƙata don kowane simintin gyare-gyare da kuma ƙara tsawon rayuwar crucible.Bugu da ƙari, rashin rigar sa yana kawar da damuwa na asarar kayan abu.
04 Semiconductor Aikace-aikace
Gilashin carbon, tare da babban tsarkinsa, juriya na musamman na lalata, rashin samar da kwayoyin halitta, haɓakawa, da kyawawan kaddarorin inji, shine ingantaccen abu don samar da semiconductor.Ana iya amfani da crucibles da kwale-kwale da aka yi daga carbon mai gilashi don narkewar yanki na sassan semiconductor ta amfani da hanyoyin Bridgman ko Czochralski, haɗin gallium arsenide, da haɓakar kristal guda ɗaya.Bugu da ƙari, carbon ɗin gilashi na iya zama abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin tsarin dasa ion da lantarki a cikin tsarin etching na plasma.Babban fahintarsa na X-ray kuma yana sanya kwakwalwan carbon na gilashin da suka dace da abin rufe fuska na X-ray.
A ƙarshe, gilashin carbon yana ba da ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin da suka haɗa da juriya na zafin jiki, rashin ƙarfi na sinadarai, da kyakkyawan aikin injiniya, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da yawa a masana'antu daban-daban.
Tuntuɓi Semicera don samfuran gilashin carbon na al'ada.
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Lokacin aikawa: Dec-18-2023